Serum Prolactin (PRL)

The Serum Prolactin test measures the level of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which plays a vital role in reproductive health, immune regulation, and lactation. This test helps diagnose and monitor conditions related to abnormal prolactin levels, including hyperprolactinemia and hypoprolactinemia.

Purpose of the Serum Prolactin Test

• Diagnose hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels) caused by conditions such as pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), hypothyroidism, kidney or liver disease, and medication side effects.
• Detect low prolactin levels (hypoprolactinemia), often linked to pituitary disorders or certain medications.
• Monitor the effectiveness of treatments for pituitary tumors or other conditions affecting prolactin levels.
• Evaluate symptoms related to reproductive health and sexual function in both men and women.

When is the Test Recommended?

• For Women: To assess symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, inappropriate breast milk production (galactorrhea), or changes in sexual drive.
• For Men: To evaluate sexual dysfunction, infertility, erectile dysfunction, or abnormal breast enlargement.

Test Preparation

• Fasting: Overnight fasting is preferred but not mandatory. Avoid eating or drinking anything except water before the test.
• Stress and activity: Avoid stress, strenuous exercise, and sleep disturbances before the test, as these factors can influence prolactin levels.
• Prolactin levels vary throughout the day due to episodic secretion, so multiple tests may be required for accurate diagnosis.

What Do Serum Prolactin Levels Indicate?

• High levels (Hyperprolactinemia): May indicate conditions such as pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), hypothyroidism, or kidney and liver disorders.
• Low levels (Hypoprolactinemia): Rare but may be caused by certain medications or pituitary gland dysfunction.

Importance of the Serum Prolactin Test

This test provides insights into various reproductive and endocrine disorders. It aids in diagnosing infertility, menstrual irregularities, or sexual dysfunction and helps monitor the success of treatments like medications or surgery for pituitary disorders.

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